Breast cancer can occur without family history – Dr Ashong

Family physician Dr Nina Ashong has stated that while 30 per cent of breast cancer diagnoses are linked to family history, about 50 per cent occur in women with no family history, falling into the common risk categories of being female and ageing.

Speaking on Wellness Link on Zed 101.9 FM, Dr Ashong emphasised that whether a woman has a family history or not, any lump should be checked immediately.

According to data, a family history of breast cancer increases risk, but most women diagnosed do not have a known family history.

However, lack of family history does not mean a woman is at reduced risk. Certain inherited high-risk gene mutations, particularly in BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2, greatly increase the likelihood of developing breast cancer. Women with these mutations may consider preventive measures such as surgical removal of both breasts or chemoprevention.

Dr Ashong explained: “We have the BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumour suppressor genes. Normally, they help control cell development, but mutations prevent them from working properly. People with these mutations have a higher risk of breast cancer, often at a younger age. While there is a strong genetic predisposition, not all breast cancer cases run in families. So once you see a lump, whether you have a family history or not, do not delay getting it checked.”

She listed common signs of breast cancer, including a lump or thickening in the breast or armpit, and changes to the skin such as dimpling, ulceration, or a texture resembling an orange peel (peau d’orange).

“It is not always a lump. Frequent self-examination can detect changes in breast consistency, such as enlargement. Nipple discharge, especially if bloody, should also raise suspicion,” Dr Ashong noted.

He added that while developed countries report higher incidence rates, their cure rates are significantly better and mortality is decreasing.

In Ghana, however, the situation is critical. Out of approximately 5,000 new cases diagnosed annually, over 2,000 deaths occur, representing a fatality rate above 40 per cent

She also emphasised that men should examine their breasts. Although rare, male breast cancer has an incidence of 0.5 to 1 per cent. Men should watch for symptoms similar to those in women, including enlargement and ulceration.

“There is a strong probability of cure if breast cancer is addressed early. Many people survive the disease, so fear should not prevent anyone from seeking medical help,” Dr Ashong concluded.